Doctor of medicine course Further details can be obtained from the relevant faculties. ukmtiktok APPLY NOW Prospective Students Our Campus Campus Life Residential College Students Guide Library News Faculty of Medicine Degree in Doctor of Medicine PROGRAMME SUMMARY The medical course comprises a preclinical phase (2 years) of basic medical sciences, an intermediate stage of junior clinical clerkship (1 year) followed by senior medical clerkship (2 years). Design This course has been designed to develop the following 4 graduate capabilities, each with two aspects, which underpin the course learning outcomes: Capability 1 Scientist and Scholar: Graduates will be applied medical scientists and scholars with advanced knowledge and skills to deliver and advance science- and evidence-based medicine. When you study medicine with UQ you become part of an outstanding medical community where you have world class hands-on education to enable you to become an exceptional Doctor, capable of working in any global setting. Credits and the equivalent ECTS: ECTS – 364. View Bachelor of Medical Science handbook View Doctor of Medicine handbook Jan 9, 2025 · Doctor of Medicine - MD. More than 60 colleges and universities in Canada offer Doctor of Medicine courses. The courses are delivered through seminars, lectures, practicals and laboratory classes. ), a title referring to one who has completed a course of study and earned a degree in the field of medicine. For each question choose from Doctor of Dental Medicine, Doctor of Podiatric Medicine, or the Medical Science major for the Bachelor of Biomedicine (Specialised) as a standalone degree. Within this time you will be guided through your research project with the support of your supervisors and the RCSI School of Postgraduate Studies. There are two entry pathways: Provisional Entry (for school leavers) or Direct Entry (for university graduates). Admissions The college selects applicants with the best combination of academic and extracurricular achievement, maturity, integrity, and motivation. ) program is to prepare a diverse student body to pursue a spectrum of medical career options in order to become physician leaders who can advance biomedical research and improve local, national, and global health. Apr 19, 2024 · The course consists of a 5-year integrated program based on four themes namely Human, Cells, Community, and Personal and Professional Development. degree. Taking into consideration that Medicine is a caring humanitarian profession, the MD curriculum has been designed in such manner that a graduate physician would demonstrate problem-solving capacity (professional reasoning), associated with clearly identifiable professional attitudes, combined with a range of psychomotor abilities (professional skills) and carry with him/her an integrated The Stanford School of Medicine has a long tradition of leadership in medical research, education, and effective clinical therapies. In years one and two, students learn in simulated clinical environments and dedicated medical sciences teaching spaces, along with small group learning sessions. Doctor of Medicine. The courses shown above are a guide, and don't reflect the exact year-by-year structure of the program, you should always refer to the program handbook for details of the complete program structure, course requirements and availability. 24: School of Medicine Learning Spaces; 3. The curriculum for the M. Selective Courses. The Doctor of Medicine is a postgraduate coursework degree that will provide you with clinical and research training to develop the skills needed to be responsive to the health needs of individuals, families and communities and committed to improving the health care system at all levels. Problem • Incoming applicant to the Doctor of Medicine (MD) program • Paid the ₱1,000 application fee • Possess a valid NMAT score. for the Doctor of Medicine in Medicine - Carle Illinois College of Medicine. The Doctor of Medicine (MD) Course is a twelve (12) semesters programme that includes Basic Sciences and Clinical Rotations in Hospitals and Primary Health Care Facilities in Jamaica, Cuba, the Caribbean, and the United States. ) degrees vary by country in terms of requirements and their status as graduate or undergraduate degrees. The Joint Program in Medicine is a five-year undergraduate entry degree that qualifies you to be a medical intern in Australia and New Zealand. Study Plan of MD Program. The degree of Doctor of Medicine is the primary educational qualification for the Physician's Licensure Examination in the Philippines which is equivalent to Level 7 of the Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) and International Standard Classification of Education (ISCEd). Step One: Register for the UCAT ANZ 2022 The Outstanding ALumni (TOTAL) Awardee for Medicine Dr. This medical programme stands out for its graduates who excel in their medical knowledge, skills and leadership. How to Apply: • Simple and Convenient: Choose your preferred method! • Onsite: Visit the Registrar’s Office of the College of Medicine. Its close relationship with Stanford’s other major schools, its affiliated adult and children’s hospitals, and its ongoing associations with Silicon Valley, make it uniquely positioned to accelerate the pace at which new knowledge is translated into tangible Opened in 2007, the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health (ASMPH) pioneered an innovative curriculum to form outstanding clinicians, dynamic leaders and social catalysts. There are engineers, entrepreneurs, IT professionals, flight attendants, and teachers who only realized their desire to become a physician after graduating from college. Doctor of Medicine, commonly known as MD is a popular master-level specialized program that candidates pursue after acquiring an MBBS degree. Dec 15, 2020 · M. Your admission to the Doctor of Medicine degree The Doctor of Medicine (MD) aims to produce knowledgeable, caring and competent graduates, who are well prepared to commence vocational training in any area of medicine. Hear from key academics at the Melbourne Medical School and learn more about the Doctor of Medicine (MD). Course themes Our Doctor of Medicine has four major themes that underpin your study across the four years of the course. The Doctor of Medicine requires the successful completion of 400 credit points. Although the course fees differ in every college and university, on average the course costs Rs. However, students who do not hold an undergraduate program in those fields but still wish to pursue the program are required to take a preparatory medical course by the Board of Medical Education before they can proceed to the M. Why Choose MD? Students pursuing a Doctor of Medicine programme are provided with extensive training in theoretical, practical, and clinical abilities. Mode of delivery: Regular. As an MD student, you’ll receive the extensive education, training, and mentorship you need to become a doctor. Since 2021, Western Sydney and Charles Sturt University have delivered a Bachelor of Clinical Science (Medicine)/Doctor of Medicine (MD) program together. It offers a highly integrated approach to basic science training and clinical experience with opportunities for research. 3 days ago · The student will be commended for the award of the Doctor of Medicine (MD) program upon: Being continuously enrolled in the program from admission to graduation; Having satisfied all conditions of his or her admission; Completing 152 credits of course work; Passing a Comprehensive Exit Exam with not less than 65%. Doctor of Medical (M. 3 days ago · Credit: The credit equivalence of the Doctor of Medicine Program is 224 credits. This is to meet the needs and improve the health care delivery system for the people they serve, by striving for professional excellence throughout their career in this constantly Our Doctor of Medicine degree is your gateway to the next thrilling chapter of your medical career. 55%) Dec 17, 2024 · Doctor of Medicine (M. Students learn the core basic sciences in the first year and complete core clinical clerkships in the second year. Our Doctor of Medicine (MD) is a six-year undergraduate program based on an innovative curriculum, that is reactive to today’s needs, while focusing on the outcome to produce physicians that are scholars, leaders, communicators, and collaborators. The Doctor of Medicine (MD) program assumes applicants have prior knowledge of cell and tissue biology as well as system physiology. Jul 23, 2024 · For those who finished school, Canada offers a medical program called the Doctor of Medicine (M. Maria Minerva Patawaran-Calimag (1981) Two-Time President, Philippine Medical Association (2014-2016, 2022-2024) Our four-year graduate-entry medicine degree integrates applied medical sciences with clinical sciences, professionalism, research and cultural responsiveness While taking one of these pre-med courses is ideal, you can still pursue Medicine with an unrelated, non-science college course. They’re the first and only school in the country that offers an INTARMED program where high school graduates can take a 7-year medicine course off the bat. Quasha and the St. 10-15 Lakhs for the entire duration of the course. You will pursue research that is in synergy with your medical practice. It is offered only as a full-time degree and uses a combination of face-to-face teaching and learning sessions, clinical placements, blended and online learning, and self-directed learning. ). /M. Medical Science and Clinical Practice Research Scholar Program The biological and behavioural sciences underpinning the practice of medicine, along with the skills required for effective person-centred healthcare practice. The Doctor of Medicine (MD) aims to develop the elements of knowledge, understanding and skill central to varied areas of medical practice, producing graduates well prepared for their internship and with the potential to follow a M. When: Wednesday 17 April 2024, 6. 90 Lakhs. Nov 8, 2024 · Course structure. The Doctor of Medicine programme offered by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya is a higher doctoral degree programme, to which the candidate must already have the necessary the Doctor of Medicine project by the Doctor of Medicine committee, may be included in your thesis. Study Language: English. As an institution of higher learning, ASMPH seeks to influence access to and delivery of health services in the Philippines and in the world. Designed for academically excellent students who have completed their undergraduate studies and are committed to professional training, passionate about health, biosciences and caring for people. The Doctor of Medicine is a four-year degree, with each academic year being approximately 42 weeks in length. Doctor of Medicine This is a five-year programme, comprises basic medical science courses in the first two years and clinical subjects from the third to the fifth year. Dec 10, 2024 · The mission of the Doctor of Medicine (M. Semester I FF4118 Psychiatry FF4212 ORL-HNS FF4314 Ophtalmology FF4412 A Doctor of Medicine (MD) course designed to train students in the art and science of medicine. The Doctor of Medicine (MD) is a four-year graduate medical degree that provides a fresh approach to medical training. Students who aspire to enroll in its Doctor of Medicine program have to pass the PLM Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). M. The St. Dec 1, 2023 · Biology. or Doctor of Medicine is a postgraduate Medicine course. The course is based on gaining an in-depth knowledge of one's chosen field of specialisation. Quasha Memorial (SLMC-CM WHQM) was established in 1994 as an embodiment of the dream of Atty. MD course enables a candidate to secure in-depth knowledge and hands-on training in multiple areas including General Medicine, Anatomy, Radiotherapy, etc. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Courses in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health are open to students of the School of Medicine if consent is obtained from the course instructor and the administrative officers of the School of Medicine. 00-7. To study the Bachelor of Medical Studies/Doctor of Medicine at UNSW, you must sit the University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT ANZ). Program Overview. The next three questions allow you to select your second, third and fourth preferences. Mar 21, 2022 · However, the journey to becoming a medical doctor takes years of discipline, hard work, and sleepless nights. The degree will provide you with research skills, in-depth knowledge, understanding and expertise in your chosen field of research. Sep 2, 2022 · PLM College of Medicine is a city government-funded medical school. MED4190 Specialty clinical practices; MED4200 Integrated clinical The course also equips graduates with life-long learning and medical research capabilities via a special research module. Third-Year Curriculum. Its establishment in 1905 antedates the foundation of the UP System and makes it one of the oldest medical schools in the country. 26: N95 Respirator Mask Fit Requirements for Medical Students; 3. Considering this course in Traditional Islamic Medicine is a comprehensive and thorough course in a full field of medicine, and considering the additional one on one assistance and marketing support, a course like this should cost $6500 or more. The first two years of the Doctor of Medicine include face-to-face learning activities at Waurn Ponds (Geelong). You’ll also need to apply through UNSW’s Medicine Application Portal before submitting a UAC application. Personal and professional development modules spanning the duration of the 5-year program equips learners with important soft skills, awareness of medical ethics and a sense of social responsibility. A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M. 3. This will also be an opportunity for you to ask questions and meet our current students and find out more about their MD experiences. For more information on the admission requirements for the Doctor of Medicine Program, see Applying to Medicine. The duration of the course is three years. The University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine (CM) is the medical school of the University of the Philippines Manila, the oldest constituent university of the University of the Philippines System. English language proficiency/spoken English requirement Because the U of A wants you to succeed, our admissions policy ensures that all students, regardless of citizenship, have the language skills they need to understand University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1361 Main telephone: 310-825-4321 (campus operator) Speech- and hearing-impaired access: TTY 310-825-2833 This is a comprehensive Diploma that will give you a solid base in Human anatomy and physiology and very good knowledge in different Naturopathic Medicine fields, such as Acupressure, Homeopathy, Reflexology, Emergency medicine, first Aid, herbal medicine, Microbiology, Family Medicine and Public Health in depth, Emotional and Mental Health, Infectious Diseases and Aromatherapy, The The Doctor of Medicine (MD) program is accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and as such, it meets the educational requirements for licensure in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. Pathways incorporates pedagogical approaches that foster active learning and critical thinking, earlier clinical experience, advanced clinical and basic/population science experiences, and a scholarly project that will allow every student to plan an individual pathway to The four-year course enables you to graduate with a medical qualification comparable to a six-year medicine degree. It aims to produce graduates who are committed to compassionate, ethical health care and the expansion of medical knowledge. This program is designed for those, who aspire to become medical doctors, providing a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical skills essential for diagnosing, treating, and managing various medical conditions. For question one, choose Doctor of Medicine. 01) must be taken at a site other than where the student took the Medicine Core Clerkship (MED 110). 1. Sc. From our free 10-step guide to writing a Medicine personal statement as a graduate, to our interview courses created and delivered exclusively by doctors who received all four offers to study Medicine. Program Objectives: General objectives – to produce competent, compassionate and community oriented doctors for Ethiopia with internationally recognized standard. Sep 23, 2024 · Take challenging science courses in college and undertake clinical work or volunteering in a hospital during your undergrad years to figure out whether you're a good fit for a career in medicine. We are proud to support and promote the development of future academic health leaders who will contribute to our communities and improve the health of individuals and populations through the discovery, application and communication of knowledge. Students who wish to pursue the Doctor of Medicine program should have a pre-medicine undergraduate degree. […] Doctor of Medicine Secretariat of Undergraduate Studies - Faculty of Medicine The medical course comprises a preclinical phase (2 years) of basic medical sciences, an intermediate stage of junior clinical clerkship (1 year) followed by senior medical clerkship (2 years). This program is offered by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The MD Program at the University of Toronto is one of the largest undergraduate medical education programs in Canada. At the start of the course, you will be placed in a host department within the University's Medical Sciences D ivision depending on. 7 percent of all physicians and surgeons employed in 2015 chose biology as their undergraduate major []. To excel in the field of medicine, experts highly recommend candidates opt for a Doctor of Medicine or MD degree for specialization in post-graduation. Doctor of Medicine or MD fee ranges between Rs. 5 points) and Overview. In India, most of the MBBS graduates who wish to game specialization in the field that holds Profession of Medicine 7 is a one-week course during the spring of the fourth year of medical school, and serves as a capstone review of medical ethics. Be at the forefront of medical research and engage with a range of Melbourne medical environments. Phase I (Transition to Medical Sciences) Year 1. ) (i) Basic Medical Sciences – The teaching and training of the students will be through Lectures, Seminars, Journal Clubs, Group Discussions, participation in the laboratory and experimental work, and involvement in Research Studies in the concerned speciality and exposure to the ‘Applied aspects’ of the subject relevant to clinical Whether you’re exploring higher education providers and their programmes - including pre-university, certificates, diplomas, bachelor’s degrees, postgraduate studies, TVET/skills education, or international school education - or searching for scholarships, study pathways, and career guidance, as well as taking an interest test to find your Stage two: Doctor of Medicine. Our Doctor of Medicine (MD) curriculum and course structure enhances learning opportunities through earlier clinical exposure, added personalisation options, new research opportunities, and immersive clinical placements in the last year of the program, preparing students for practice as a doctor. 2024-25 Catalog. Becoming a doctor in Australia starts with our world class School of Medicine which provides you with the clinical skills and practical medical training you need to succeed. Fourth-Year Curriculum. The duration of the course is 3 years including a compulsory 12-month rotation period that is mandatory for all candidates. You must complete: Year 4. If you're applying for the MD program, you will need to satisfy prerequisite requirements in these subjects before you enter the program. As such, they have high standards for their students while also offering special programs for future doctors. Year 4. Stage two of the course comprises 96 points. Entry requirements into professional courses such as Medicine and Engineering are generally much higher. All applicants to Qatar University College of Medicine must complete 12 years of formal education and their transcript results must be certified by the appropriate educational agency. Discover course structure, entry requirements & how to apply to doctor of medicine, offering you a fresh approach to medical training. MD (Doctor of Medicine) is a postgraduate degree, aspirants after pursuing MBBS can opt for this specialisation. The Doctor of Medicine (MD) program aims to nurture and educate future medical graduates who are clinically capable, team players, kind and compassionate, serve responsibly and are dedicated to the continual improvement of the health of people and communities. First-Year Curriculum. The Philippine General Hospital, the national The Doctor of Medicine and Surgery is a five-year degree course. The College offers a highly innovative 6-year full time program in a 2+4 format that includes 2 years of premedical education followed by 4 years of vertically and longitudinally integrated medical education (Pre-clerkships; 2 years) and clinical training (Clerkships; 2 years) leading to the award of the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD). Second-Year Curriculum. It holds the same value as Philippines's MBBS. The MD Program at Harvard Medical School comprises two curricular tracks, Pathways and Health Sciences & Technology (HST). 00pm AEST. (Doctor of Medicine) Course Program. -M. Our Full-Tuition Scholarships, C21: Personalized Pathways curriculum, holistic admissions process, and opportunities for research collaboration reflect our commitment to producing future leaders in medicine. 406 or +63-917-1267026. Teaching and learning activities are based on systems of the body and not the traditional segregation of the field of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology, and microbiology. The course is divided into preclinical and clinical phases which are spread out over several semesters. Jul 9, 2024 · The name of UP carries a lot of prestige in the Philippines. We offer a four-year course using a combination of face-to-face teaching and learning sessions, clinical placements, blended and online learning, and self-directed learning. This prestigious degree is the culmination of extensive scientific knowledge, refined clinical skills, and the unwavering compassion, responsibility, and integrity essential for a successful and fulfilling career in medicine. Medicine at Cambridge prepares you to become one of tomorrow's doctors, reflecting the latest advances in medical sciences and practice. Are you curious about medical research or clinical practice? The Doctor of Medicine of The University of Notre Dame Australia is a four-year postgraduate degree accredited by the Medical Board of Australia on the recommendation of the Australian Medical Council. D Doctor of Medicine Information Session: 2025 Intake. With this solid foundation, graduates have successfully secured medical residency positions in areas ranging from family medicine and pediatrics, to cardiology and emergency medicine. With a focus on five key areas – basic medical services; clinical and therapeutic methods, procedures, and investigations; community and family medicine; communication skills; and professional competence – the curriculum is designed to produce highly skilled doctors Bond University's Medical Program is comprised of the Bachelor of Medical Studies (BMedSt) and the Doctor of Medicine (MD). Admission to College of Medicine. Lincoln University College’s Doctor of Medicine programme is a five-year course that will equip and train students as health care professionals in medicine. Passing Rate (March 2019 – March 2022): 358 out of 367 (97. S. Year 2 *General Education Courses MD Course Duration in AIIMS . Biology is one of the most common majors for those who want to pursue a medical career, especially aspiring physicians and surgeons. Doctor of Medicine/Master of Medical Science (M. School of Medicine. 30: Academic Advising Building on the foundation laid in our Bachelor of Medical Studies, the Doctor of Medicine will complete your training as a practice-ready doctor. Program duration (in years): Six for regular. Study medical sciences for the first 3 years, then apply your knowledge as a clinical student on a placement for the last 3 years. The course consists of a series of student-presented and faculty-supervised clinical pathological conferences. The content is delivered as modules which are largely based on systems. 5,000 to Rs. Currently, PLM is the only public medical school with a level II PAASCU Accreditation 5. program complete a 56-credit Master of Medical Sciences course of study, as well as the 32-credit mentored research requirement, in addition to the requirements for the M. ) Harvard Medical School Students who enroll in the M. 25: School of Medicine Absence Policy and Expectations; 3. Doctor of Medicine is a postgraduate program that can be pursued after MBBS. doctor of medicine (md) This programme is offered for Malaysian applicant, who is registered medical doctor working in University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC). FF3118 Medicine I FF3618 Medicine & Society III (Community Health) FF3714 Personal & Professional Development IIIA (Leadership)/ Semester II FF3128 Surgery I FF3226 Obstetrics & Gynaecology I FF3723 Personal & Professional Development IIIB (Teamwork) Elective. Study a pre-med course DMD Course Schedules. You need to complete a number of rigorous exams, as well as years of intense training. Key benefits of our program include: Unit of study table: Medicine. Apr 26, 2024 · Before enrolling in any particular college, students need to check the MD or Doctor of Medicine fees structure. M. . You can also indicate that 4 days ago · MD Course Details. Students may participate in elective courses, or selectives, as early as the second year of the curriculum, although most students register for selectives during the last two years. Medicine acting internship (MED 140. ) / Master of Surgery (M. The reality is that it costs me and my team about this much to manage and deliver this course to a 4 days ago · Welcome to Medicine at the University of Toronto The University of Toronto’s Temerty Faculty of Medicine is at the forefront of life-changing health research and innovation, doing what can’t be done since 1843. Building on the foundation laid in our Bachelor of Medical Studies, the Doctor of Medicine will complete your training as a practice-ready doctor. • By Phone: Call (02) 8291-6538 loc. Curriculum Our MD program provides two curricular tracks, Pathways and Health Sciences & Technology (HST) . In addition there are also specific requirements for entry into certain programmes. You progress to stage two of the course having successfully completed Year 3/Year A of the Bachelor of Medical Science which is cross credited for the master's qualification. The Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, (MChD) is an AQF Level 9 Extended qualification, enabling pre-registration as a junior doctor. Doctor of Medicine (MD) 400 point program: • Eight compulsory subjects (312. The duration of the Doctor of Medicine course is 3 years of study including the successful completion of an exam that covers both theoretical and practical elements. Apr 3, 2024 · Applications open for the Bachelor of Clinical Science (Medicine) / Doctor of Medicine MD: 17 May 2024: UCAT ANZ registration closes July - August 2024: UCAT ANZ testing 27 September 2024: UAC Applications close for the Bachelor of Clinical Science (Medicine) / Doctor of Medicine MD 2025 intake Late October 2024 At NYU Grossman School of Medicine, we are reimagining how twenty-first century physicians are trained. Courses; Pennbook; Search; Home / Graduate Catalog / Perelman School of Medicine / Programs / Doctor of Medicine, MD; Print Options. If you’re up for the challenge, here’s our comprehensive guide if you want to become a doctor in the Philippines. Occasionally a student may be assigned to the same site twice for their Medicine rotations due to availability issues; this is an unusual event that will be managed on a case-by-case basis. Selection of students is based on an assessment of all available data and an evaluation of skills and aptitude. William H. The Medical program at the University of Adelaide has a six-year full-time duration which leads to the awards of Bachelor of Medical Studies and Doctor of Medicine. degree at the UC Davis School of Medicine is a four-year program providing comprehensive preparation for graduate medical training (internships and residencies) and the practice of medicine. It is an accredited, integrated evidence-based degree that offers the shortest pathway to becoming a doctor in Australia. Dec 6, 2024 · The Doctor of Medicine is a flexible, variable intensity, clinical research-based doctorate. Jun 25, 2024 · Doctor of Medicine or MD is a postgraduate level course. The final step for entry into the degree is an interview. Becoming the best possible doctor for your patient is hard work, and learning to be an outstanding physician takes a lot of time, effort, and sacrifice. D. the match between your research and the departmental expertise. 27: School of Medicine Dress Code Guidelines for the Clinical Setting; 3. The Organ Systems Foundations of Medicine course ends in February of the Second Year, and is followed by a 3-week Transition to the Wards course, which provides intensive training in procedural skills, team communication skills, and clinical reasoning in preparation for the hospital-based clerkships that follow. Sep 6, 2021 · If you want to take a general approach to medicine, BS Biology ang isa sa mga medical courses na pwede mong pagpilian! The course will give you a strong foundation on the concepts, principles, and theories of biological, natural, and physical sciences in research which will be very useful once you start your journey in becoming a doctor. According to the BLS, 48. Course details Each unique Medical Doctorate (MD) project is carried out over a minimum of two years and a maximum of four years (full-time) (Doctoral Award NFQ Level 10). Luke’s Medical Center Board of Trustees, to build a school with the vision to become a center of excellence in medical education and research. Doctor of Medicine (M. 29: Dual Degrees; 3. , from the Latin Medicinae Doctor) is a medical degree, No pre-medicine courses or bachelor's degree is required The Duke University School of Medicine's Doctor of Medicine (M. 28: School of Medicine Criminal Background Check Policy; 3. Program title: Doctor of Medicine. ) curriculum is unique. stands for Doctor of medicine that is a postgraduate degree course for the duration of three years as per the norms of MCI (Medical Council of India) now NMC, across different specializations available. vlhzl aprtp qazj yho kyfqpl jxskyd blpns brygad dzszo wjcebw